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How Many Gallons Does a Semi Truck Hold? All You Need to Know About Fuel

How Many Gallons Does a Semi Truck Hold? All You Need to Know About Fuel

Fuel is one of the biggest operating expenses in the trucking industry. This is true whether you’re a fleet owner, an independent owner-operator, or just entering the world of commercial trucking. Understanding how fuel works in semi-trucks is crucial for planning trips, managing costs, and maintaining your rig.

A common question among drivers and trucking business owners is: How many gallons does a semi truck hold? The answer, however, is not always straightforward. It depends on the tank size, configuration, and the method used to fill the truck.

This guide breaks down the fuel system of semi-trucks, tank capacities, rules for safe filling, and how far you can expect to go on a full tank.

Average Fuel Tank Size for Semi-Trucks

When it comes to answering: how many gallons does a semi truck hold, it helps to understand standard tank sizes.

So, the first question we need to address is this: How big are semi-truck gas tanks? Semi-trucks pull heavy trailers, often over very long distances, and therefore need to hold a lot of diesel fuel. This is why most semis have two fuel tanks.

The typical semi truck fuel tank capacity typically falls within these ranges:

  • Single tank setup: 100 to 150 gallons of fuel
  • Dual tank setup: 200 to 300 total gallons of fuel

Dual tanks allow for extended range between fuel stops on long-haul operations. For instance, many over-the-road (OTR) trucks carry two 125-gallon tanks, totaling 250 gallons. That said, not every gallon in the tank will be used, as we’ll explain below.

The 95% and 25% Rules, and the Gas a Semi-Truck Can Hold

When someone asks, “How much gas does a semi truck hold?” the answer depends on whether you’re talking about total tank volume or usable fuel. To ensure safety and prevent fuel system damage, most truck drivers follow what’s known as the 95% rule and the 25% rule. This practical fuel limit is key when planning routes and calculating fuel expenses.

Fuel expands in hot temperatures, increasing the risk of spills. The 95% rule requires filling tanks only up to 95% of their total capacity to allow for fuel expansion and avoid spills. Truckers agree that this delivers roughly the same miles per gallon (MPG) as a full tank.

The 25% rule helps prevent running the tank too low. Refueling when it reaches around 25% of capacity lowers the risk of drawing air into the fuel lines or harming the truck’s engine.

For example: If a truck has dual 125-gallon tanks (250 gallons total), filling to 95% would mean around 237.5 gallons of fuel. Running the tanks down to 25% of 250 gallons leaves about 62,5  gallons. In this scenario, the drivers refuel after consuming about 175.25  gallons.

Reasons for the 95% Rule in a Semi-Truck

The 95% rule isn’t just a suggestion. It’s a safeguard built on years of trucking experience and engineering expertise. Overfilling a semi-truck tank can lead to some serious problems. So, let’s break down the main reasons why truckers follow this standard.

Expansion

Diesel fuel expands and contracts with temperature changes. On hot days, the fuel inside the tank can expand significantly. Overfilling can lead to overflow, which poses environmental hazards and safety issues.

Spills

No matter how many gallons your truck holds, it’s best to avoid overfilling the tank. An overflowing tank can lead to spills. When diesel spills out during refueling, it creates a slipping hazard at fuel stations and on roadways. It also violates environmental regulations and can result in fines.

Weight

The weight of diesel fuel varies depending on its gravity and density, as well as factors such as temperature and pressure. That said, diesel fuel typically weighs approximately 7 pounds per gallon in the US. Filling up 200 gallons adds about 1,400 pounds to your truck!

That weight impacts payload capacity, braking, fuel economy, and compliance with gross weight limits. Understanding how many gallons of diesel a semi truck holds is critical for staying within legal weight limits.

Understanding the Weight of Fuel per Gallon in a Semi-Truck

The question “How much gas does a semi truck hold?” can be answered in another way: weight. Many drivers focus solely on semi-truck fuel capacity, but weight matters just as much. Diesel fuel is denser and thus heavier than gasoline and can significantly affect your load.

One gallon of diesel equals roughly 7 pounds. But multiply that by 200 gallons, and we’re talking about 1,400 pounds! That’s a really big load on your overall vehicle weight.

For carriers hauling loads close to the federal 80,000-pound limit, fuel weight can reduce how much freight you can legally carry. Experienced dispatchers and owner-operators plan loads and refueling stops accordingly.

Key Considerations When Filling a Semi-Truck Fuel Tank

Knowing how to refuel responsibly is even more critical than understanding how many gallons your semi-truck can hold. Several factors affect when, how, and where you should fill up. Ignoring them can lead to inefficiencies or even mechanical issues. These are the factors that have led to widespread use of the 95% rule.

Fuel Expansion

Diesel expands with an increase in heat. Avoid filling up during the hottest part of the day if possible. Fueling in the early morning or evening can help reduce the risk of overflow and spills. Follow the 95% rule for added peace of mind.

Risk of Spilling

Overfilling a semi truck’s gas tank can cause diesel to leak out of the cap or vent. This wastes money and can lead to environmental issues and potential fines. Avoid this problem by avoiding parking on an incline.

Fuel Weight

Diesel fuel weighs more than most people think. And as the fuel tanks fill up, gross vehicle weight increases. Balance refueling needs with load weight, especially when hauling near the legal limit. Overloading can lead to DOT fines and extra wear on brakes and suspension.

Main Factors Affecting How Many Gallons a Semi-Truck Can Hold

Several variables determine a truck’s fuel capacity beyond just the number stamped on the side of the tank.

  • Tank configuration: Single vs. dual or customized fuel tank, tank shape, and installation method
  • Truck make/model: Freightliners, Kenworths, Volvos, and Peterbilts come with different configurations.
  • Some drivers replace stock tanks with larger aftermarket versions.
  • Local trucks may only need 100–150 gallons, while long-haul rigs may need 250+ gallons.

So, how many gallons do semi trucks hold? Semi-truck fuel capacity and consumption depend on the truck’s specifications and use.

How Many Miles Can a Semi-Truck Go on a Gallon of Gas?

Fuel economy is a significant factor in operational planning. Most modern diesel-powered semi-trucks average 6 to 8.5 miles per gallon (MPG) on highway routes. However, stop-and-go city driving or mountainous terrain can deliver lower MPG.

Theoretically, a truck with 240 usable gallons at 7 MPG could go about 1,680 miles on a full tank. However, how far a semi-truck can go on a full tank depends on speed, road grade, idle time, and load weight.

Additional facts to consider:

  • Trucks with aerodynamic fairings get better mileage.
  • Driving conservatively extends range. This is why continued driver training is so necessary.
  • Newer engines may offer better fuel efficiency.

Understanding your semi-truck’s range on a full tank helps plan fuel stops, reduce downtime, and keep delivery schedules on track.

Conclusion

How many gallons of fuel does a semi hold? The simple answer ranges from 100 to 300 gallons. The real answer is more nuanced.

Tank size, fuel expansion, weight limits, and safety regulations all impact how much fuel your truck can use at any given time. The real-world MPG range depends on route conditions, driving behavior, and truck configuration.

Newer semi trucks often have fuel efficiency technology that can improve your gas mileage range and give you a competitive edge. But don’t worry about affordability. Mission Financial Services offers semi-truck loans to suit all business types and budgets.

Contact us today, and we’ll travel the road to financial independence, together.

What Is a Commercial Truck? Definition, Types, and Uses

What Is a Commercial Truck? Definition, Types, and Uses

From delivering goods across the country to transporting heavy construction equipment, commercial trucks form the backbone of American commerce. But what exactly is a commercial truck, and how do you decide which type fits your business needs?

This guide explores the definition of commercial trucks, how they’re classified, and the different types by weight and use. You’ll also find useful buying strategies and tips for choosing trailers.

Exploring your options at a commercial truck dealership, considering new commercial trucks, or browsing used commercial trucks for sale? This guide will help you make informed decisions.

How Are Commercial Truck Classifications Determined?

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) classify commercial trucks in North America by Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR). This is the maximum total weight of the vehicle, including its chassis, body, engine, fuel, passengers, and cargo.

Understanding GVWR helps businesses comply with safety regulations, licensing requirements, and insurance guidelines.

The FHWA divides trucks into three broader categories after classifying them into eight classes:

  • Class 1–2: Light-duty (GVWR up to 10,000 lbs)
  • Class 3–6: Medium-duty (GVWR 10,001–26,000 lbs)
  • Class 7–8: Heavy-duty (GVWR over 26,001 lbs)

These classes reflect the trucks’ capacities, which roads they can operate on, what licenses drivers need, and how the vehicles are insured and taxed.

What Are the Different Types of Commercial Trucks?

Commercial trucks come in a wide variety of builds and applications, from box trucks used for deliveries to semi-truck tractor-trailers shipping cargo. The type you choose depends on your business function, cargo type, and travel needs.

Let’s take a closer look at these truck types divided by weight class.

Heavy-Duty Commercial Trucks – Class 7 and Class 8: GVWR 26,001–33,000 lbs+

These trucks are built with power, endurance, and long-distance hauling in mind. They’re common in the freight, logistics, and construction industries.

Common types:

  • 18-Wheelers / Tractor-Trailers (Class 8): These trucks are designed for long-haul trucking and pull-enclosed trailers, flatbeds, tankers, or refrigerated units. Ideal for freight and logistics operations, they often require lots of maintenance.
  • Cement Mixers (Class 8): Cement mixer trucks carry wet concrete to construction sites.
  • Dump Trucks (Class 8): Dump trucks are used for moving large volumes of gravel, sand, or demolition debris.
  • Refuse Trucks (Class 7 or 8): Waste management fleets rely on heavy-duty refuse trucks to collect and haul trash.
  • Tow Trucks (Heavy-Duty): What happens when a heavy-duty vehicle breaks down? You call for a heavy-duty tow truck, of course. Manufacturers specially design these vehicles to tow buses and other trucks.

Drivers of heavy-duty trucks like these require a Commercial Driver’s License (CDL).

Medium-Duty Commercial Trucks – Class 3 to Class 6: GVWR 10,001–26,000 lbs

Medium-duty trucks offer versatility for regional deliveries, service calls, and vocational uses like towing or utility work.

Common types:

  • Box Trucks / Straight Trucks (Class 4–6): These are popular among delivery companies and removal businesses. They have an enclosed cargo area attached to the cab rather than a separate trailer.
  • Flatbed Trucks (Class 5–6): Flatbed trucks are used to carry oversized or irregularly shaped loads. These commercial vehicles are ideal for the construction and lumber industries.
  • Utility Trucks / Bucket Trucks (Class 5): Utility trucks have an extendable boom for elevated work. They are common among electrical, telecom, and public works departments.
  • Refrigerated Trucks (Class 5–6): Refrigerated trucks are crucial for the food and medical transport industries. They maintain cold temperatures essential for perishable products.

These trucks don’t always require a CDL, depending on the GVWR and state laws, making them accessible for small to mid-sized businesses.

Light-Duty Commercial Trucks – Class 1 to Class 2: GVWR Less Than 10,000 lbs

Light-duty commercial trucks are perfect for small business owners, tradespeople, and delivery services within cities or suburban areas.

Common types:

  • Pickup Trucks (Class 1–2): Widely used in construction, landscaping, and agriculture. They’re versatile, fuel-efficient, and come in many configurations.
  • Cargo Vans (Class 1–2): Ideal for last-mile delivery, plumbing, HVAC, or repair businesses. Offers secure storage and easy urban maneuverability.
  • Passenger Vans (Commercial Use): Used by shuttle services, hotels, and churches for transporting multiple passengers.

Many new trucks in this class are available through retail dealerships and often qualify for business tax deductions.

How to Choose the Right Trailer for Your Commercial Vehicle Business

A commercial truck’s job isn’t complete without the right trailer. Trailers expand hauling capabilities and enable businesses to customize their operations.

Popular trailers:

  • Dry Van Trailers: Fully enclosed for general inventory and dry goods.
  • Flatbed Trailers: Open design for oversized or heavy materials like steel beams or lumber.
  • Refrigerated Trailers (Reefers): Temperature-controlled trailers used by food distributors and pharmaceutical companies.
  • Tanker Trailers: Used to transport liquids, chemicals, or gases.
  • Dump Trailers: Construction, agriculture, and landscaping professionals use hydraulic lift trailers for various tasks.

Consider these factors:

  • Cargo type: Is it perishable, hazardous, or fragile?
  • Load size and weight: Match trailer specs with your commercial truck’s towing capacity.
  • Operational terrain: Will you operate on highways, rural roads, or off-road environments? Optional equipment may be necessary for off-road use.
  • Regulatory compliance: Ask the sales team about DOT and state regulations for your cargo and vehicle class.

Working with a reputable commercial truck dealership helps you get the right trailer-to-truck match and ensures compliance with all legal requirements.

How Construction Crews Buy Work Trucks vs. Utility Companies

Fleet managers from both sectors often attend commercial truck sales events to find bulk discounts or demo models with low mileage. However, construction crews and utility companies prioritize different features and specs.

Construction Crews

Construction businesses need trucks that handle tough environments, haul heavy tools, and carry building materials. These trucks must be rugged, powerful, and often 4×4 capable.

Common construction trucks:

  • Heavy-duty pickup trucks with toolboxes and towing hitches
  • Dump trucks for debris and raw material transport
  • Flatbed trucks for moving pallets and lumber
  • Crane trucks for lifting equipment on-site

Best buying strategies:

  • Choose durability over luxury.
  • Buy based on payload capacity and off-road performance.

Utility Companies

Utility companies focus on efficiency, safety, and access. They equip their trucks for specialized tasks like line maintenance, underground inspections, and storm response.

Typical utility trucks include:

  • Bucket trucks for aerial work
  • Service trucks with onboard tool storage and generators
  • Cable spool trucks for telecom work

Best buying strategies:

  • Look for trucks with high uptime and easy maintenance.
  • Invest in vehicles with telematics and GPS for fleet tracking.

Finding the Work Truck That’s Right for Your Business

The right work truck boosts productivity, supports your team, and improves customer satisfaction. Whether you’re expanding a fleet or buying your first work vehicle, there’s a truck that fits your business.

Here are a few tips for making a smart investment:

  1. Consider what your truckers are hauling, how far, and how often. Consider the terrain and weather conditions along your routes. The latest technology will give your drivers the confidence they need.
  2. In your search for the perfect truck, match the vehicle to the job. Don’t overspend on a heavy-duty Freightliner-type model if a light-duty vehicle meets your needs.
  3. Factor in the total cost of ownership, not just the initial price. Include fuel costs, maintenance, insurance, and depreciation.
  4. Explore available financing options for the best deals. Many commercial truck dealerships offer flexible financing, leasing, and warranty packages.
  5. Don’t get hung up on brands like Ford, Mack, RAM, Peterbilt, or Isuzu and then forget about scalability. If your business grows, will the truck live up to dealer promises and still meet your needs?
  6. Before you buy, review the truck’s history and maintenance records and have a mechanic inspect it if it’s a used vehicle.

Conclusion

A commercial truck is an essential business asset. From light-duty delivery vans to heavy-duty haulers for construction materials, these vehicles support industries across America.

Understanding truck classifications will help you find the ideal vehicle for your needs when you’re looking to buy a truck. And Mission Financial Services will help you get the funds you need to get those trucks.

We offer owner-operators and fleet services the commercial truck financing they need, even with limited or bad credit. Contact us today and get the funding you need for your next commercial truck purchase.

How to Jump-Start a Semi-Truck

How to Jump-Start a Semi-Truck

Are you a truck driver for a small trucking business or an owner-operator? You’ll face various challenges along the road, and one of them is the dreaded dead truck battery. But learning how to jump-start a semi-truck will give you the confidence you need to deal with this common issue.

This article walks you through everything you need to know, from gathering the right tools to knowing when to call a pro. Our jumpstart for semi-truck step-by-step guides and handy tips will get you back on the road again quickly and safely.

Equipment Required to Jump-Start a Semi Truck

Semi-truck repair insurance does not cover dead batteries. Fortunately, once you know how to jump-start a semi-truck, it’s often a cheap and simple fix. But jump-starting a semi truck requires more than standard automotive tools.

You need heavy-duty jumper cables that can handle large electrical loads and a donor vehicle with a compatible electrical system. You may also want to wear safety glasses and gloves.

Many operators carry a commercial-grade jump starter or portable power pack, which provides a powerful and often safer alternative. Other helpful items include a battery terminal brush and a voltage meter for diagnosing battery issues.

Choosing Heavy-Duty Jumper Cables

The most important thing about jump-starting your truck is that you must use heavy-duty jumper cables.

Light-duty cables designed for cars and vans won’t work on a semi truck. Most semi trucks have 3 or 4 12-volt batteries. Each is rated at around 1000 cranking amps. Therefore, choose cables rated for 1000 amps or more. Use cables at least 20 feet long so you can easily reach between vehicles.

Use 100% copper or high-quality copper-clad aluminum cables. Copper conducts electricity better and lasts longer. Make sure the insulation resists oil, heat, and abrasion. Use clamps that grip battery terminals securely.

Tools Needed for Jump Starting a Semi Truck

In addition to heavy-duty jumper cables, keep the following tools handy:

  • Battery terminal cleaner or wire brush. This removes corrosion for better connections.
  • A multimeter or voltmeter. This measures the voltage before and after the jump-start.
  • Work gloves and safety goggles. They protect hands and eyes.
  • Portable jump starter (optional): It offers a self-contained solution without needing another vehicle.
  • A flashlight to illuminate dark areas under the hood. This is even more useful if attempting a jumpstart in the dark of night.

These tools ensure you can jump-start your semi truck safely and efficiently.

Safety Measures and Precautions

Working around high-voltage systems can be dangerous if you don’t follow proper safety steps. Before you get started, take these precautions:

  • Verify that the donor vehicle has an equal or higher voltage system.
  • Turn off both vehicles before connecting the jumpstart cables. Set both trucks to neutral or park. Engage the parking brakes.
  • Remove metal jewelry and keep tools away from terminals.
  • Avoid leaning over batteries, and wear protective gear like gloves and goggles.

Step-by-Step Guide to Jump-Start a Semi Truck

The life of a trucker can be both exhilarating and challenging. Different truck types, routes, and roles mean that trucking can be a different experience for everyone. But getting sidelined by a dead battery frustrates every trucker.

If your truck won’t start or struggles to start, dead or weak batteries may be the cause.  It’s best to use another truck as the donor vehicle or a dedicated jump starter designed for heavy-duty vehicles. A jumpstart is the quickest and cheapest solution.

Follow these steps carefully, and you’ll know how to jump-start your semi truck safely.

Step 1

The jumper cables have to reach both vehicles’ batteries, so position the truck that will be jumpstarting you as close to your semi as possible. However, the vehicles must not touch each other. Turn off both trucks and set them in neutral or park.

Step 2

Semi-trucks often have dual batteries or multiple batteries connected in series to meet the high power and performance demands of their engines. Open the trucks’ hoods and locate all batteries. Ensure that you understand your battery configuration before attempting a jumpstart.

Step 3

Inspect the batteries closely and check for battery acid leaks and cracks. If you find any damage, leaks, or cracks, don’t continue. The battery needs to be safely disposed of and replaced. Check the battery terminals for signs of corrosion. If you detect corrosion, clean the terminals with a wire brush to remove it.

Step 5

Once you have determined that the battery has no leaks or cracks and is free from corrosion, you may connect the jumper cables:

  • Clamp a red (positive) cable to the positive terminal of the dead battery, and the other red one to the positive terminal of the donor battery.
  • Clamp the black (negative) cable to the negative terminal of the donor battery. Attach the other black one to an unpainted metal surface on the engine block or chassis of your semi with the dead battery.

If you are unsure whether or not the battery is flat or if another issue may be at play, check the voltage before and after jumpstarting. However, this is unnecessary if you are certain that a flat battery is the only problem.

Step 6

Start the donor vehicle. Let it run for a few minutes to supply enough current. After a few minutes, try to start your semi-truck. If it doesn’t start, don’t stress; it can sometimes take a while. Just wait a few more minutes and try again.

Step 7

Remove the cables in reverse order:

  1. Disconnect the black clamp from the chassis.
  2. Remove the black clamp from the donor battery.
  3. Remove the red clamp from the donor battery.
  4. Detach the red clamp from the semi truck battery.

Step 8

Let the semi-truck idle for a while. Keep it running for 15 to 30 minutes to recharge the battery.nDrive it a while or test the battery’s voltage to confirm it’s holding a charge.

How Many Amps to Jump Start a Semi Truck

Semi trucks use powerful batteries. To jump-start a semi truck, you usually need 1000 to 2000 amps. Cold weather may require more. Use a portable jump starter that offers at least 1500 peak amps.

Donor vehicles, like other semi trucks or heavy-duty diesel pickups, can usually provide enough current. Smaller vehicles don’t have the power. Always match your cables and jump starters to your truck’s electrical needs.

Caring for Your Semi Truck Battery

From semi-truck wheel alignment to oil changes, regular maintenance is key to keeping your trucks on the road. But don’t forget about battery maintenance and care. Take care of your semi-truck batteries to reduce the need for future jump-starts.

  • Inspect connections: Tighten loose cables and clean corrosion.
  • Check fluid levels: Add distilled water to non-sealed batteries if needed.
  • Test voltage regularly: Use a multimeter to verify the charge.
  • Avoid deep discharges: Turn off accessories when the engine isn’t running.

Signs of Battery Failure

Watch for these warning signs:

  • Dim headlights or dashboard lights
  • Slow engine cranking
  • Clicking noise when turning the key
  • Accessory malfunctions
  • Swollen or leaking battery case

Replace the battery if you spot these symptoms.

Understanding the Electrical System of a Semi Truck

To know how to jump-start your semi truck, understand its electrical setup. Most semis use 12-volt or 24-volt systems powered by two 12-volt batteries.

These systems supply power to the ignition, lights, refrigeration units, and electronics. Issues with alternators, voltage regulators, or wiring can affect the entire truck. Know how the parts work together to diagnose issues and avoid repeated jump-starts.

When to Call a Professional

Call a professional if you experience the following:

  • Remaining uncertainty about how to jump-start your semi-truck.
  • Battery damage or battery acid leaks.
  • The truck won’t start after multiple attempts.
  • Strange sounds or the smell of burning.
  • You lack a donor vehicle or a high-powered jump starter.

Professionals have the training and equipment to resolve the issue safely.

Conclusion

Knowing how to jump-start your truck is an essential skill for owner-operators and fleet managers. With our guide to jumpstarting a semi and the right tools, you can handle dead batteries efficiently. And our tips for battery care will extend your semi-battery’s life.

But when your problems are bigger than a dead battery, get the funds you need here at Mission Financial Services.

Do you need to do urgent repairs? We offer semi-truck repair loans. Would it be more economical to replace your ailing truck? We’ll start the ball rolling with a loan for a new (or used but new to you) semi-truck. Contact us today for further information and advice.

Semi-Truck vs Full Truck | What Is the Difference?

Semi-Truck vs Full Truck | What Is the Difference?

Trucks are used across almost all industries. In fact, according to the American Trucking Associations, trucks deliver over 80% of all US freight. That makes transporting goods with trucks a good business to be in.

If you’re new to the world of trucking, though, you may be confused by some of the jargon, such as the names of different types of trucks. Don’t worry, we’ve got you covered. Join us as we explore the differences between the semi-truck vs full truck.

What is the Difference Between a Semi-Truck and a Truck?

Most trucks are either full trucks or semi-trucks. So, what is the difference between a semi-truck vs full truck, and why does it matter so much in the trucking industry? They are both trucks used for transporting cargo. However, they have distinct differences that make them suitable for different types of cargo hauling.

A clue to the main difference is in their names. A full truck has a full trailer. A semi-truck has a semi-trailer. Let’s examine the different trailer types to understand what makes them so different.

What is a Full Trailer?

Full trailers move with the trucks that tow them, but do not rely on the towing vehicle to support the load. A full trailer carries its own weight entirely. The full trailer has a drawbar that connects to the coupling on the truck.

What is a Full Truck?

A full truck is a straight truck with its own cargo space. It does not have a detachable trailer. It has a trailer for cargo hooked to the truck itself.

Full trailer trucks are reliable and versatile, and are used widely in a variety of roles. If you’ve ever heard of a box truck, it is a full truck. It is called a box truck because the cargo area is an enclosed, rectangular box that is attached to the truck’s chassis.

Thinking of buying a box truck for your business? Before you do, read our guide to understanding box truck financing.

What is a Semi-Trailer?

Semi-trailers are detachable trailers usually constructed of high-strength steel or aluminum. They get hitched to a truck to transport cargo. Semi-trailers come in different designs to suit specific cargo, for example, raw materials, bulky goods, liquids, chemicals, etc.

The truck can offload the entire trailer without waiting for the goods in it to be offloaded, and attach another one. The trailer often has legs to support it when it is uncoupled from the truck.

What is a Semi-Trailer Truck?

The semi-trailer is used with a tractor truck, more powerful than a regular truck. The truck does not carry cargo itself, but instead pulls the rear trailer carrying the cargo. This combination of a semi-trailer and a tractor truck is called a tractor trailer truck or semi-trailer truck.

It is often just referred to as a semi-truck or a semi in the U.S. Elsewhere, it may be known as an articulated truck. An articulated vehicle is composed of two parts: a tractor unit (or cab) and a trailer.

Driving a semi-tractor truck with a long semi-trailer is very different from driving a delivery van or even a heavy-duty full trailer truck. These giant vehicles are much longer and can have multiple trailers. Remember this when you are looking for drivers for your trucking business.

If you need a driver who has experience driving big semis, state this clearly in the commercial truck driver job description. The last thing you need is for your truck driver to be involved in an accident. A truck accident can be much more costly than a car accident or a motorcycle accident, after all.

Full vs Semi-Truck: Key Differences

There are quite a few differences between a full truck vs semi-truck. Consider these before you purchase a truck to start a truck delivery business.

Connection Mode

The first and most obvious difference between a semi-truck vs full truck is the connection mechanism. A semi-trailer is connected to a truck by a heavy metal coupling called a kingpin.

This cylindrical connection is located underneath the front end of the trailer. It locks the trailer onto the truck. Meanwhile, a full trailer is connected by a front hook on the trailer and a coupling on the truck.

Dimensions

Dimensions are another giveaway in the comparison of a semi-truck vs full truck.

The semi-trailer’s standard dimensions are 48 to 53 ft. long, 8.5 ft. wide, and 13 ft. high. Compare this with the full trailer. Its standard dimensions are only 10 to 26 ft. long, 8.5 ft. wide, and 13 to 14 ft. high. Therefore, the semi-trailer is usually much longer than a full trailer.

Capacity

There’s also a big difference in the capacity of the semi-truck vs full truck. Semi-trailers can carry up to 80,000 lbs in weight. Full trailers typically carry about 33,000 lbs. in weight. Therefore,  the semi-trailer usually carries more weight than a full trailer.

Usage

Because of their different dimensions and capacities, usage is another big difference between the semi-truck vs full truck.

Semi-trailer trucks can take more cargo and are thus often used for long-distance hauling. There are different types of semi-trailers, like refrigerated trailers for perishable foods, and lowboy trailers for oversized loads.

Full trailer trucks can take a lot of cargo, but decidedly less than the biggest semis. That’s why they are typically used for smaller, usually local, deliveries.

Driving a heavy truck, especially a semi, requires a Commercial Driver’s License (CDL).

Components and Design

A comparison of the semi-truck vs full truck shows a very different design and components. Full trucks are trailers on their own wheels, with both front and rear axles, although sometimes, the rear axles are in the middle. And these axles support the entire trailer’s weight.

Semis are a combination of a truck and a trailer, without a front axle. So, why do semi-trailers have no front axles, only rear axles? The front half of the trailer is supported by the back of the truck itself. The rest is supported by the rear axles.

Wheels

A two-axle straight truck will usually have four wheels. The number of wheels on a semi-truck can vary depending on the freight. Six to ten wheels is typical. However, there can be as many as eighteen, and these trucks are often referred to as eighteen-wheelers.

The extra wheels on semi-trucks offer better weight distribution, with more stability and balance for those heavier cargo loads. Of course, heavier loads can impact fuel consumption, but most modern semis offer better fuel efficiency.

Maneuverability

The design of a semi-truck vs full truck affects maneuverability as well.

Semi-trailers generally provide better traction than full trailers and more maneuverability in tighter urban spaces. Semi-trucks are easier to reverse even with the trailer hooked. This is because they only have a single turning point at the coupling, unlike full trailers, which have two: the drawbar and the coupling.

Experienced drivers handle these issues well. However, even new truck drivers will find it easy to handle any truck by attending one of the top CDL training schools. These schools offer practical commercial truck driver training for all heavy trucks, including semis.

The Role of Semi-Trucks in Commercial Transport

In the choice of semi-truck vs full truck, which is more popular? The truth is, they both are, because they both have advantages. Full trailer trucks are easy to drive, have low operational costs, and are ideal for transporting lightweight goods.

However, semi-trucks are especially popular for commercial transport logistics and long haul transport. They can haul much larger volumes. And they fulfill necessary functions at all stages of the commercial journey.

They are crucial for manufacturing, hauling raw materials to factories. They are essential for distribution, carrying finished goods to retailers. And they are just as useful for retail deliveries, transporting the merchandise to waiting consumers.

This makes semi-trucks invaluable for commerce. But they are just as important for agriculture and other sectors. This makes owning or operating a semi-truck fleet a good business to be in.

Conclusion

Now that you know all the differences between a full truck and a semi-truck, you can decide which is the better option for your business.

For a smaller local delivery business, a full truck is fine. Semi-trucks are preferred for long hauls as they can take much more cargo. If you’re building an intracontinental freight business, this is the truck you will need.

Whatever you decide, you’ll need reliable financing to buy your trucks. Mission Financial Services can help you get the funds to buy new or used commercial vehicles and semi-trucks. Contact us today to get started.

May 2025 Driving Data Report: Critical Insights

May 2025 Driving Data Report: Critical Insights

If you want to know how well your business is doing, compare it to the rest of your industry. If you want to know how well the overall industry is doing, look at the industry data. Just as there is car data, there is also data collected by those in the trucking industry, shipping, and freight.

So, which way are North American commercial vehicle driving trends headed in May 2025? We examined recent data from America’s Commercial Transportation Research Co. (ACT Research) and other reputable news, statistics, and industry sources. Here are our critical insights.

Economic Influences on Driving Data

Transport will always be hit hard by economic turbulence. Shifts in consumerism influence demand. Fuel hikes influence logistics costs. In May 2025, there is an even greater challenge: tariffs.

The US economy faces great uncertainty amid the trade tariffs brought into effect by the Trump administration. Financial market turmoil led to concerns that a recession was on the horizon. On April 9, President Trump authorized a 90-day pause for more extreme reciprocal tariffs.

It’s not all bad news. The United States e-commerce market has shown healthy growth. E-commerce revenue is expected to show annual growth of 8.22%, resulting in a projected market volume of US$1.84tn by 2029.

This increases the demand for small, medium, and heavy commercial vehicles for logistics and transportation associated with e-commerce.

Vehicle Market Trends

We looked at the latest driving data report from ACR Research to understand recent commercial vehicle and shipping trailer market trends.

Medium-Duty Vehicle Market Trends

The overall demand for medium-duty trucks has shown a decrease since March, with a preliminary 13,600 net orders for medium-duty trucks (+/- 5.0%).

Heavy-Duty Vehicle Order Dynamics

A slowdown in orders for heavy-duty vehicles was also noticed, but the exact cause is undetermined. However, moderating economic activity, private fleets’ pausing their expansion, plus trade and policy uncertainty could all play a role.

Trailer Market Performance Indicators

In a monthly survey by ACT Research, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) indicated that conditions regarding supply, demand, and general business operations were on par with the previous year. While that is not always good news, it is not necessarily bad news either, as it shows stability.

Truck Sales and Pricing Analysis

Truck sales show us how much the trucking industry is growing. Buying more trucks means that businesses are expanding. What does the recent truck driver data have to say about North American truck sales?

Used Truck Sales

Same-dealer Class 8 used truck sales showed a slight increase in February. The 0.9% month-over-month increase was consistent with, although not as strong as, the expected seasonal advance of 5%.

In March 2025, the Class 8 average retail sale price for used trucks rose by its largest percentage since March 2022, gaining 5.6% month-over-month.

Used truck prices are typically influenced by factors such as age, condition, and mileage. Looking at the research, Steve Tam, Vice President at ACT Research, had this to say: “Several other considerations are likely affecting recent pricing changes.”

Commercial Vehicle Pricing

Under the Trump administration’s current tariff policy, vehicles compliant with the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) would be exempted.

It means at least 75% of the vehicle’s components must be produced in North America. The remaining percentage of the vehicle that doesn’t come from North American auto companies will face tariffs of 25%. This will inevitably lead to increased demand for trucks made in the US.

The extent to which domestic production can meet domestic demand remains to be seen.

Freight and Transportation Forecast

In January 2025, the American Trucking Associations projected that truck volumes would grow in 2025 after two years of declines. Let’s see if the recent driving data supports this.

U.S. Freight Rate & Volume Outlook

The Cass Transportation Index report is a good resource for anyone seeking data for the trucking industry. Based on records for shipping invoices from Cass Information Systems, it covers multiple industries in North America and shows key freight volume trends.

Don’t worry, they don’t violate data privacy or sell data to data brokers. They only share the data related to activity and volume that can help the transport industry. For example, the shipments component of the Cass Freight Index was unchanged in March 2025, month-over-month.

DAT freight and analytics, a well-known US-based freight exchange service, runs the largest truckload freight marketplace in North America. Their 2025 Freight Focus report showed that the truckload marketplace was entering a new phase in 2025.

However, trade policies, geopolitics, and labor issues could all influence how quickly and how well freight rates and volumes bounce back.

Supply-Demand Balance in Transportation

The trucking industry relies on a demand for freight shipping by road and the availability of trucks and drivers. Shifts on either side tip the supply-demand balance. In February, as freight volumes decreased and capacity contracted, supply-demand measurements shifted to 51.1 from the previous month’s 59.1.

Workforce and Driver Availability

Thanks to the sharing of driving data, we also see what’s going on in the workforce. Although the number of qualified truck drivers may vary from one location to the next, we still get an overall view of the available workforce.

Labor Market Metrics for Commercial Drivers

Driver availability has been slowing over the past 17 months. The Driver Availability Index fell 2.1 points to 51.0 in March, from the previous index of 52.3 in February 2025.

As older drivers retire and the number of younger drivers declines, driver shortages become difficult to solve. This is evident in a report from IRU, an international transport organization. Their report on truck driver shortages showed that it’s a global problem.

Driver Retention and Shortage Solutions

Many businesses are looking for alternative solutions to driver shortages. It is predicted that Level 4 autonomy will eventually dominate logistics and commercial operations.

AI is being heralded as the future of transportation. But this depends on how quickly self-driving technology matures, as well as how regulatory frameworks evolve.

State of the Industry Overview

ACT Research analyst Carter Vieth said, “Cancellations at a 20-month high may indicate customers are pulling back on orders given the increasingly pessimistic outlook.”

What else is the driving data telling us about the state of the trucking industry?

Classes 5-8 (Medium-to-Heavy Duty) Vehicles Analysis

According to driving data from ACT Research, final North American Class 8 net orders totaled 16.5k units in March. This showed a decline of 5.9% year-over-year. Tractor orders of 12.2k units were up only 0.9%. Meanwhile, at 4.2k units, vocational truck orders decreased 21% year-over-year.

U.S. Used Truck Classes 3-8 Performance

The Class 8 average retail sale price rose by its largest percentage since March 2022, gaining 5.6% m/m in March. However, it still has a way to go. On a year-over-year basis, prices were 6% lower, while falling 7.7% in the year-to-date.

How to Make 2025 a Good Year for Your Trucking Company

By keeping a close eye on driving data through freight and transportation indexes and reports, you get a sense of where the industry is headed. You can compare current freight rates and volumes with previous months and years’ performance, and make predictions based on that data.

However, during times of economic uncertainty such as these, things change quickly. Predictions don’t necessarily come to fruition. What can you do to make 2025 a good year for your trucking business?

Buy Local

As demand from local e-commerce logistics continues to rise, US-based trucking businesses can profit from it. If you’re thinking of adding new vehicles to your business, and new trucks to your fleet, go for North American-based car companies and US-manufactured commercial vehicles or used trucks.

Get the Right Coverage

Don’t risk driving uninsured. Several insurance companies cater to the trucking industry, with insurance premiums to suit every budget. Some insurers offer custom comprehensive coverage with discounts tailored to your needs. We have a useful guide to commercial truck insurance that can help you.

Invest in Good, Used Trucks

Save money where you can. Buying used trucks will enable you to add to your fleet at a more affordable price than buying new. But first, read our tips for buying used commercial trucks. And remember that Mission Financial Services offers affordable used semi-truck loans.

Hire the Best Drivers

Looking at the US truck driver community, the problem may not be simply a shortage of skilled drivers, but more a matter of a lack of driver retention.

Don’t just hire drivers who hop in, hit the accelerator pedal, and go. Provide training and guidance. Become an active member of a trucking association that supports you and your truck drivers. Share driving data that can help improve the industry.

You’re more likely to retain drivers if they know what qualifications and driving habits are expected of them from the start. Check out our guide to writing a commercial truck driver job description.

Conclusion

Freight driving data reports give us access to expert insights. This helps us determine where the industry may be heading.

Demand for trucks has slowed. Driver shortages may worsen. There is uncertainty hanging over the entire market. Yet, in May 2025, there is potential for growth. And Mission Financial Services is here to help.

We offer financing specifically for the trucking industry. Whether you’re buying new or used semis or need to maximize your existing fleet with crucial repairs, we have the loan you need. Contact us today, and get the financing that will improve your driving data in 2025.

Cass Transportation Index Report

The Cass Transportation Index report is a monthly report on the overall North American freight volumes and expenditures. Thousands subscribe to this report to understand what these measurements mean for their industry. Even the Bureau of Transportation Statistics has come to rely on this data.

If you are new to the trucking industry, you may have heard of this report without realizing its importance. That is why we compiled this short guide to the Cass Transportation indices and the Cass Transportation Index report. We explore what they are, what they measure, and what they can do for you.

What the Cass Transportation Index Measures

To understand what a Cass Transportation Index report is, how it works, and why it matters, let’s first look at where it comes from. The report is based on specific indices, composite statistics compiled from data at Cass Information Systems.

Cass Information Systems is an automated payment systems provider and one of the largest invoice processors for freight bills in the U.S. transport industry. This gives Cass access to data, which it uses to measure freight transportation through various indices.

The Indices Used by Cass Information Systems

There are different Cass Transportation Indexes:

  • The Cass Freight Index measures North American monthly freight expenditures and volumes to provide an aggregate of U.S. freight deliveries.
  • The Cass Truckload Linehaul Index indicates market fluctuations in per-mile truckload pricing.
  • The Cass Intermodal Price Index tracks changes in U.S. domestic intermodal costs.

A Cass Transportation Index report offers in-depth analysis and forecasting for a range of US freight measures, including the indexes listed above.

A Measure of North American Freight Shipments and Volumes

A Cass Transportation Index report provides you with a snapshot of North American freight volumes. Knowing how your business compares to how others are faring in the industry speaks volumes too.

When you’re moving freight, either across the state or across the country, you’re doing more than just hauling cargo. You’re playing your part in the greater North American freight shipping sector. And what happens across the sector affects your business.

The report gives insights into freight trends, plus their relation to relevant supply chain indicators and the wider economy. And it does so by examining all the data obtained from the Cass Transportation Index.

How the Index Works

Cass Information Systems uses data from its entire Cass client base. This includes freight shipped by all modes of domestic transport. But truck hauls make up more than three-quarters of domestic freight shipping activity.

They examine all intra-continental freight shipments, including those of raw materials and finished goods, to produce each index. The monthly Cass Transportation Index report is based on the various Cass Transportation indices.

The data in each report represents the month in which the invoices for those transactions are processed by Cass. The data does not necessarily correlate with the month when those freight shipments took place. The Index point for each subsequent month represents the latest volume in relation to the baseline.

Why You Need the Freight Market Data in a Cass Transportation Index Report

A trucking industry forecast will help you understand regulatory changes, new technologies, and other factors impacting the trucking industry. But a Cass Transportation Index report can help you to better understand the freight transportation industry’s highs and lows.

Although there are other data and index providers, the Cass Transportation Index report is one of the most widely used. It has been trusted by the transportation industry for years, and can make a big difference to your business.

Still on the fence? Here are the top three reasons why you need the freight market data and insights in the monthly Cass reports.

1. Comprehensive Data for All Types of Freight Haul

Whatever you’re hauling, you’ll find information relevant to you in a Cass Transportation index report. Of course, freight shipping is a very broad category indeed. Fortunately, the Cass client base is very broad.

It contains large shippers moving everything from food, automotive parts, and consumer packaged goods to chemicals, medical supplies, and more. That is how Cass indices give those in the trucking industry a comprehensive view of what’s happening in the overall freight market.

2. Monthly Comparisons for Tracking Developing Trends

The reports offer an ongoing monthly comparison to identify developing freight shipping market trends. Whatever the size of your trucking business, you’ll find this information useful. These trends can affect the demand for, and costs involved in, your cargo hauling services.

The expenditures component will give you an idea of how your freight shipping costs compare to the costs experienced in the rest of the freight shipping industry. Each month’s volume data will show you how much the general demand for freight haulage in North America is either increasing or decreasing.

3. Better Decision Making

Running a trucking business can be challenging, from creating the best marketing strategies for your trucking business to getting the best insurance and negotiating prices. You are constantly looking for relevant market data and insights for inspiration and guidance.

If you are involved in trucking and hauling, the Cass report is yet another invaluable tool to add to the list. Best of all, you don’t have to do hours of painstaking research. All that you have to do is access and read the report. Everything you need to know is already analyzed and broken down for you.

By observing and understanding monthly trends in the freight and supply chain sector, you are empowered to make better, data-driven business decisions. You can also look back on key points in previous years’ Cass reports to see how the freight shipping business is evolving.

Indexes Related to the Cass Freight Index

Of all the Cass indices, the Cass Freight Index, in particular, receives a lot of attention. It covers a diverse range of shippers and the aggregate volume of their transactions, for an overall view of North American shipping activity.

It is not only relevant to those in the trucking industry, but to all modes of domestic freight transportation.

On its own, it offers key information about the state of the freight shipping industry. But when examined alongside the related indices, it can give you even more crucial data for a full picture of the health of the freight industry.

Cass Truckload Linehaul Index

Some indices related to the freight index are more relevant to truckers than others. The Cass Truckload Linehaul Index, for example, measures fluctuations in U.S. domestic baseline truckload costs, specifically focusing on the linehaul component (movement of freight over long distances).

Cass Intermodal Price Index

Other indices are relevant to everyone involved in freight and shipping. The Cass Intermodal Price Index carries great insights into costs. But unlike the Truckload Linehaul Index, it tracks all costs for intermodal freight (cargo in shipping containers transferred between varying modes of transportation).

Freight Index vs. Passenger Index vs. Combined Index

The Cass Transportation Index report is taken seriously by the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS), too. This government bureau looks at the Cass Freight Index data, as well as data from the Dow Transportation Index and Transportation Services Index (TSI).

The Cass Freight Index measures shipment volumes and freight expenditures based on all freight transactions processed by Cass Information Systems. The Transportation Services Index measures the volume of passengers and freight moved.

BTS uses the data to create three indices: one for passengers, one for freight, and one that combines the two.

The Dow Transportation Index is more of a measure of how investors view the profitability of the transportation industry. The other indices measure freight shipments more directly. Together, these indices and statistics allow BTS to assess the economy’s demands for moving freight and passengers.

Conclusion

The Cass Transportation Index report provides accurate and relevant freight market data. The freight rates allow you to assess demand for your services. And the freight shipping costs allow you to determine your projected costs.

So, what’s next? Perhaps you want to take advantage of increased demand for your services by adding to your fleet. Maybe you need help with unexpected truck repair costs to get back on the road again.  Whatever the case, Mission Financial Services is here for you. Contact us today.

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